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The following is a timeline of low-temperature technology and cryogenic technology (refrigeration down to –150 °C, –238 °F or 123 K and cryogenics).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The terminology of low-temperature technology (discussion) )〕 == 18th century BCE – 18th century == * c. 1700 BCE – Zimri-Lin, ruler of Mari in Syria commanded the construction of one of the first ice houses near the Euphrates. * c. 500 BCE – The yakhchal (meaning "ice pit" in Persian;) is an ancient Persian type of refrigerator. The structure was formed from a mortar resistant to heat transmission, in the shape of a dome. Snow and ice was stored beneath the ground, effectively allowing access to ice even in hot months and allowing for prolonged food preservation. Often a badgir was coupled with the yakhchal in order to slow the heat loss. Modern refrigerators are still called yakhchal in Persian. * 1396 CE - Ice storage warehouses called "Dong-bing-go-tango (meaning "east ice storage warehouse" in Korean) and Seo-bing-go ("west ice storage warehouse") were built in Han-Yang (currently Seoul, Korea). The buildings housed ice that was collected from the frozen Han River in January (by lunar calendar). The warehouse was well-insulated, providing the royal families with ice into the summer months. These warehouses were closed in 1898 AD but the buildings are still intact in Seoul. * 1650 – Otto von Guericke designed and built the world's first vacuum pump and created the world's first ever vacuum known as the Magdeburg hemispheres to disprove Aristotle's long-held supposition that 'Nature abhors a vacuum'. * 1656 – Robert Boyle and Robert Hooke built an air pump on this design. * 1662 – Boyle's law (gas law relating pressure and volume) is demonstrated using a vacuum pump * 1665 – Boyle theorizes a minimum temperature in ''New Experiments and Observations touching Cold''. * 1679 – Denis Papin – safety valve * 1702 – Guillaume Amontons first calculates absolute zero to be −240 °C using an air thermometer, theorizing at this point the gas would reach zero volume and zero pressure. * 1756 – The first documented public demonstration of artificial refrigeration by William Cullen〔William Cullen, ''Of the Cold Produced by Evaporating Fluids and of Some Other Means of Producing Cold,'' in Essays and Observations Physical and Literary Read Before a Society in Edinburgh and Published by Them, II, (Edinburgh 1756)〕 * 1782 – Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace invent the ice-calorimeter * 1784 – Gaspard Monge liquefied the first gas producing liquid sulfur dioxide. * 1787 – Charles's law (Gas law, relating volume and temperature) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Timeline of low-temperature technology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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